Literature Review Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pneumonia Aspirasi pada Pasien Stroke dengan Disfagia
Abstract
Komplikasi penyakit stroke menjadi penyebab terbesar prevalensi kematian di suatu negara. Secara global sekitar 60% penderita stroke berisiko tinggi mengalami komplikasi seperti disfagia dan pneumonia aspirasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui lebih dalam lagi faktor yang mempengaruhi pneumonia aspirasi pada pasien stroke dengan disfagia melalui literatur. Dari pencarian literatur, terdapat 5 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria dari 3 database yaitu ScienceDirect, PubMed, dan Google Scholar. Protokol dan evaluasi literatur menggunakan JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) Critical Appraisal Checklist. Berdasarkan dari 5 artikel, didapatkan hasil analisis yaitu 3 faktor yang mempengaruhi. Pertama, faktor komorbiditas; infark miokard, gagal jantung kongestif, penyakit pembuluh darah perifer dan aneurisma, stroke iskemik, demensia, penyakit paru obstruktif kronis, Diabetes dengan kerusakan organ, serta tumor padat metastatik. Kedua, faktor jenis stroke iskemik (infark serebral dan leukoaraiosis (materi putih), dan yang ketiga faktor pemasangan alat medis khususnya nasogastric tube dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Diharapkan dari hasil penelitian literatur ini dapat lebih meningkatkan caring, pengetahuan tentang stroke yang berhubungan dengan pneumonia aspirasi dan disfagia oleh perawat yang difasilitasi oleh institusi pelayanan dan dipersiapkan oleh institusi pendidikan serta dari keluarga sebagai support system pasien.
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