Sociodemographic Relationships with Self-Care Management Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Keywords:
Sociodemografic factor, self-care management, diabetes mellitus
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with a high complication rate that is strongly influenced by patient compliance with self-care management. This study aims to analyze the forms of compliance that affect self-care management in T2DM, sociodemographic characteristics that play a role in self-care management, and aspects of self-care management that contribute to improving compliance of T2DM patients. The method used was literature from the EBSCO, SAGE, and PubMed databases for the period 2021-2025, with the inclusion criteria of English articles, full text, and the use of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH Terms). The literature review showed that adherence in the aspects of blood sugar monitoring, diet management, physical activity, medication consumption, and foot care determine the success of self-care management. Sociodemographic factors such as advanced age, low education and economic level, and lack of social support were shown to reduce patient adherence to self-care management. In contrast, patients with good health education, access to adequate medical equipment, and family and community support showed a more optimal level of compliance and self-care management. Effective self-care management, especially in terms of diet management, physical activity, and blood sugar monitoring, significantly increases patient compliance, reduces the risk of complications, and improves quality of life. Thus, sociodemographic-based interventions, health education, and family/community involvement are essential to improve adherence and effectiveness of self-care management in T2DM patients.
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Xie, Z., Liu, K., Or, C., Chen, J., Yan, M., & Wang, H. (2020). An examination of the socio-demographic correlates of patient adherence to self-management behaviors and the mediating roles of health attitudes and self-efficacy among patients with coexisting type 2 diabetes and hypertension. BMC Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09274-4
Bhatti, Z. I., Manzoor, N., Korai, N. A., Khaliq, I. H., Qadir, A., & Jeelani, S. (2018). Impact of sociodemographic factors on self-care practices among patients with type 2 diabetes in Lahore, Pakistan: an exploratory study. In J Fatima Jinnah Med Univ (Vol. 12).
Bíró, K., Varga, M., Dombrádi, V., Kovács, N., Nagy, A., Bányai, G., & Boruzs, K. (2025). Investigating attitudes towards medication and barriers to self-management among Hungarian adults with diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317034
Chindankutty, N. V., & Devineni, D. (2023). Self-Efficacy and Adherence to Self-Care Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review. In Journal of Population and Social Studies (Vol. 31, pp. 249–270). Mahidol University, Institute for Population and Social Research. https://doi.org/10.25133/JPSSv312023.015
de Leon, E. B., Campos, H. L. M., Santos, N. B., Brito, F. A., & Almeida, F. A. (2024). Patient activation levels and socioeconomic factors among the Amazonas population with diabetes: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-10529-0
Fereidooni, G. J., Ghofranipour, F., & Zarei, F. (2024). Interplay of self-care, self-efficacy, and health deviation self-care requisites: a study on type 2 diabetes patients through the lens of Orem’s self-care theory. BMC Primary Care, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-024-02276-w
Hawara, G., Febrianti, T., Fitriani, D., Tinggi, S., Kesehatan, I., Darma, W., Tangerang, H., Pajajaran, J., Pamulang, N. 1, Pamulang, K., & Selatan, T. (2024). 01 Maret 2024 68 2 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Raflesia Depok. In Edu Dharma Journal: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (Vol. 08). http://openjournal.wdh.ac.id/index.php/edudharma
Ibrahim, A. O., Agboola, S. M., Elegbede, O. T., Ismail, W. O., Agbesanwa, T. A., & Omolayo, T. A. (2021). Glycemic control and its association with sociodemographics, comorbid conditions, and medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes in southwestern Nigeria. Journal of International Medical Research, 49(10). https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605211044040
IDF. (2025). Global Clinical Practice Recommendations for Managing Type 2 Diabetes. https://idf.org/t2d-cpr-2025
Keperawatan, D., Keperawatan, J., @jdk, K., Diani, N., Nurachmah, E., Dahlia, D., Martha, E., Fakhruddin Noor, M., & Nafi’ah, R. H. (2025). Self-Care Management of Diabetes Patients in the Community Health Center Area. Dunia Keperawatan, 13(1), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.20527/dk.v13i1.848
Marvin, J., & Powe, N. (2023). Financial, Occupational and Physical Challenges and Blood Glucose Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes. Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology, 10. https://doi.org/10.1177/23333928231154345
Memenuhi, U., Mencapai, P., Keperawatan, S., Alfatikhatu, O. :, & Nisak, K. (2025). FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN DIABETES SELF CARE MANAGEMENT PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 SKRIPSI.
Reed, J., Bain, S., & Kanamarlapudi, V. (2021). A review of current trends with type 2 diabetes epidemiology, aetiology, pathogenesis, treatments and future perspectives. In Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity (Vol. 14, pp. 3567–3602). Dove Medical Press Ltd. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S319895
Regufe, V. M. G., Lobão, M. A., Cruz-Martins, N., Luís, C., von Hafe, P., & Pinto, C. B. (2024). Clinical and Sociodemographic Profile, Self-Care, Adherence and Motivation for Treatment, and Satisfaction with Social Support in Portuguese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13216423
Satri, O. :, Manariangkuba, M., Nurmansyah, M., & Wirawan, A. A. (n.d.). HUBUNGAN LITERASI KESEHATAN DENGAN MANAJEMEN PERAWATAN DIRI PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS DI PELAYANAN PRIMER KOTA MANADO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEALTH LITERACY AND SELF-CARE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN PRIMARY SERVICES IN MANADO CITY.
Sherifali, D., Berard, L. D., Gucciardi, E., MacDonald, B., & MacNeill, G. (2018). Self-Management Education and Support. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 42, S36–S41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.006
Simegn, W., Mohammed, S. A., & Moges, G. (2023). Adherence to Self-Care Practice Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Health Belief Model at Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals of Amhara Region, Ethiopia: Mixed Method. Patient Preference and Adherence, 17, 3367–3389. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S428533
Suardi. (2022). DISERTASI MODEL PENDIDIKAN MANAJEMEN DIRI DIABETES BERBASIS DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP KUALITAS HIDUP PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS DENGAN PRA ULKUS DI KABUPATEN TAKALAR MODEL DIABETES SELF-MANAGEMENT EDUCATION BASED ON FAMILY SUPPORT ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS WITH PRE ULCERS.
Sun, H., Saeedi, P., Karuranga, S., Pinkepank, M., Ogurtsova, K., Duncan, B. B., Stein, C., Basit, A., Chan, J. C. N., Mbanya, J. C., Pavkov, M. E., Ramachandaran, A., Wild, S. H., James, S., Herman, W. H., Zhang, P., Bommer, C., Kuo, S., Boyko, E. J., & Magliano, D. J. (2022). IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109119
Syaipuddin Syaipuddin, Suhartatik Suhartatik, Yasir Haskas, & Sitti Nurbaya. (2025). Efektifitas Dukungan Sosial Dan Keluarga Terhadap Peningkatan Kualitas Hidup Pasien DM Tipe 2 Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pampang Kota Makassar. JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DAN SOSIAL, 3(1), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.59024/jikas.v3i1.1152
Tavares, V. B., Farias, A. L. de, Silva, A. S. A. da, Souza, J. de S. e., Silva, H. P. da, Bastos, M. do S. C. B. de O., & Melo-Neto, J. S. de. (2023). Amazon Amandaba—Sociodemographic Factors, Health Literacy, Biochemical Parameters and Self-Care as Predictors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043082
Xie, Z., Liu, K., Or, C., Chen, J., Yan, M., & Wang, H. (2020). An examination of the socio-demographic correlates of patient adherence to self-management behaviors and the mediating roles of health attitudes and self-efficacy among patients with coexisting type 2 diabetes and hypertension. BMC Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09274-4
Published
2025-06-30
Section
Articles
Copyright article owned by Jurnal Citra Keperawatan
Hubungi Kami
